Proceedings
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A Cross-Modal Contrastive Learning and Reinforcement Learning Framework with Safety Constraints for Individualized Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) outcomes are limited by open-loop protocols that ignore real-time brain states and inter-individual variability. Existing closed-loop systems adapt only stimulation timing, leaving intensity static…
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A Phase-Optimized Closed-Loop TMS-EEG Framework Guided by fMRI Drug Cue Reactivity for Stimulant Use Disorder
This study demonstrates the feasibility of fMRI-guided, phase-specific closed-loop TMS-EEG for targeting addiction-related brain circuits in psychostimulant use disorder. This framework enables multi-level personalization of TMS…
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A Whole-Brain Connectome-Constrained Model of Subcallosal Cingulate Deep Brain Stimulation Evoked Potentials
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subcallosal cingulate cortex (SCC) is an emerging intervention for treatment-resistant depression. SCC stimulation-evoked potentials (SEPs) show reproducible EEG responses, indicating consistent…
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Accelerated Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation (aiTBS) Improves Emotional and Spatial Working Memory Across Treatment Phases in Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD)
Depression is often associated with cognitive impairments, including working memory function. Fifteen patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) underwent accelerated intermittent theta-burst stimulation (aiTBS) in two treatment…
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Active Bilateral Frontal tDCS During Cognitive Training and 1-Year Everyday Function Outcomes in Healthy Older Adults
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is often paired with cognitive training (CT) to augment cognitive gains, but its impact on everyday function remains unclear. We examined 1-year Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL)…
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Adaptive RF Wave Focusing for Efficient Power Delivery to Deep Neuroelectronic Devices
This work addresses a key bottleneck in neuromodulation: powering implantable devices at depth without batteries. We develop wave-based strategies to efficiently deliver energy through complex, lossy biological tissues to miniature…
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Addressing a Shocking Omission: Development of an ECT Skeleton Curriculum for Adult Psychiatry Residency Programs
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective psychiatric treatments, but inclusion in psychiatry residency training is highly variable. The International Society for ECT and Neurostimulation convened a Subcommittee for…
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Alpha Band Oscillations in the Limbic Pallidum Track Future Alcohol Use
Treating alcohol use disorder (AUD) remains challenging, with high relapse rates even after extended periods of abstinence. The limbic pallidum (LP) is a key structure in motivated behavior and has been proposed as a neuromodulatory target…
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Alpha Synuclein Interaction with Synaptic Vesicles under Glycation Conditions: Implications for Parkinson Disease and Type 2 Diabetes
Parkinson disease and type 2 diabetes are epidemiologically associated, yet the molecular mechanisms linking these disorders remain poorly understood. Glycation, driven by elevated glucose levels and reactive carbonyl species such as…
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Artificial Intelligence-Integrated Virtual Reality in Mental Health Care: A Scoping Review of Current Evidence, Clinical Applications, and Future Directions
Mental illness remains a major global health burden, and artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR) are increasingly used in mental health care, though evidence on their integrated use is limited. This scoping review mapped the…
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Auditory cortex cortico-cortical connectivity correlates with neural entrainment to music across motor and affective brain networks
Music engages sensory-driven auditory processing and predictive expectations about a song's temporal structure. These processes involve sensory, motor, and language areas, but how connectivity measured with cortico-cortical evoked…
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Beyond Acute Analgesia: Perioperative Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Postoperative Pain Chronification and Recovery Trajectories: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Background: Existing perioperative transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) reviews focus primarily on acute pain and opioid outcomes. Methods: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials evaluating perioperative…
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BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEART RATE EFFECTS OF ANODAL TDCS ON LEFT TEMPORO-INSULAR CORTEX DURING CONSTANT AEROBIC EXERCISE IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS
Problem: Patients with HFrEF face significant hemodynamic risks during aerobic exercise, requiring strategies to ensure safe training. Methods: In a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, 22 HFrEF patients received active anodal tDCS…
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Can Transsynaptic Modulation of Thalamic Nuclei by tACS be an Alternative to DBS?
Alternating current (AC) stimulation applied to the cerebellar surface can entrain neural activity through mono- and di-synaptic connections. Purkinje cells (PCs) exhibited phase-locked modulation and the cerebellar nuclear (CN) cells were…
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Cerebellar electric field intensity after tDCS predicts social cognition performance in neurotypical young adults
We aimed to determine if individual electric field (EF) intensity predicts behavioral change after transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). T1-weighted MRI images from 28 neurotypical young adults (Mage=21.70 +/- 3.42, 17 females)…
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Circuit Decoding Across Scales: DBS and EEG Integration in Parkinson's Disease for Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms
Non-motor symptoms, including mood disturbances and pathological impulsivity, significantly impact quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), yet neural signatures linking DBS target selection to those aspects are still…
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Computational modeling of motivated behavior under deadline pressure in Parkinson's Disease: effects of Deep Brain Stimulation
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by non-motor features, including disrupted motivated behavior. We applied a novel deadline-pressure framework to investigate effort-based decision-making in 23 PD individuals tested with deep brain…
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Computationally Simulating Opioid-Induced Alterations in VTA-NAc Circuits: A Hybrid Biophysical-Reinforcement Model of Reward Prediction Error
Opioid misuse dysregulates the mesolimbic reward circuit through abnormal neuromodulation, yet the molecular-to-behavioral cascade lacks an integrative computational model. We developed a hybrid biophysical and reinforcement learning model…
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Concurrent EEG with Frequency-Shift-Keyed (FSK) Temporal Interference (TI)
An oscillation that undergoes an instantaneous change in frequency from f1 to f2 will cause a ripple artefact in any filters which have f1 and f2 in their stopband. Filters are typically deployed at the front-end of EEG instrumentation…
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Cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation in Alzheimer's disease: preliminary EEG evidence of network-level effects
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) techniques such as cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) can modulate functional connectivity between interconnected brain regions through spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP)…
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Coupling the Output of BEM-FMM or FEM Modeling of Brain Stimulation to The Underlying Physics
Mathematical modeling of electrical brain stimulation is sufficiently complex as to be a “black box.” There is little to no direct coupling between modeling output and the underlying physics. Interpretations of the output therefore tend to…
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Data-Driven Fast Estimation of Hodgkin-Huxley Neuron Model
The Hodgkin-Huxley model describes neuron dynamics using stiff nonlinear ODEs that are computationally expensive to simulate. Data-driven methods have emerged as a popular alternative for such hard-to-solve dynamical systems for reducing…
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Default Mode Network Neuromodulation to Treat Depression via Non-Invasive Transcranial Focused Ultrasound: Acute and Sustained Effects
Up to 50% of depressed individuals fail to respond to treatment, highlighting the need for mechanistically-derived treatments promoting sustained benefits. DMN hyperconnectivity, associated with repetitive negative thought (RNT) and…
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Distinct SOZ-associated waveform biomarkers and stimulation response profiles
Drug-resistant epilepsy patients undergo neurosurgical implantation of stereotactic electrodes to localize seizure-generating brain regions, also called the seizure onset zone (SOZ). However, the SOZ is elusive, as evidenced by…
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Dry-Printed Electrodes for Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation of Innervated Muscles: Towards Wearable and Closed-Loop Neuromodulation
Gel electrodes limit wearable transcutaneous electrical stimulation due to placement complexity, gel dehydration, and poor long-term stability. Soft screen-printed dry carbon electrode arrays offer a superior alternative. They were…
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EEG Signal Classification Using Fast Fourier Transform and Convolutional Neural Networks: A Hybrid Deep Learning Approach for Binary Classification of Normal and Abnormal Brain Activity
Accurate EEG interpretation is challenging for non-specialists; it requires recognition of frequency-band structure, epileptiform discharges, abnormal slowing, and artefacts, and is subject to inter-rater variability. We developed a hybrid…
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Effectiveness and Safety of OTC Supplements for Mild Anxiety in Young Adults Compared With First-Line Pharmacologic Therapies: A Comparative Literature Review
This literature review evaluates the effectiveness and safety of commonly used over-the-counter (OTC) supplements for mild anxiety in young adults compared with first-line pharmacologic therapies, including SSRIs and SNRIs. Supplements…
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Efficacy of High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (HF-rTMS) as an Adjunct to AI-Enabled Remediation in Children with Dyslexia: Effects on Reading Outcomes, Cortical Excitability, and Functional Network Reorganization in an Ambispective Quasi-Experimental Study
Developmental dyslexia often shows incomplete response to conventional remediation, prompting exploration of adjunctive neuromodulatory approaches. This ambispective quasi-experimental study evaluated the efficacy of high-frequency…
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Electrical Stimulation modulates Multidien Biomarkers of Human Treatment-Resistant Depression - an Emerging Neuromodulation Target
Closed-loop neuromodulation is an emerging therapy for psychiatric disorders such as treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Here, we show temporal variability in closed-loop biomarkers arises from multidien rhythmicity in the local field…
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Expanding Access to Neuromodulation Through Home-Based Platforms: Balancing Scalability, Safety, and Personalized Stimulation
Home-based neuromodulation platforms are increasingly being explored as telehealth infrastructure expands and demand grows for scalable neuropsychiatric interventions. However, implementation remains limited by tensions between scalability…
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First time demonstration of seizure source localization in Focal Electrically Administered Seizure Therapy (FEAST).
FEAST is a modified novel version of ECT, intended to produce focal unilateral (right) prefrontal seizures thereby minimizing cognitive side effects. FEAST deploys new asymmetric electrode geometry, unilateral placement, and unidirectional…
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Frontopolar Engagement During DLPFC-Targeted rTMS and Craving Outcomes in Cocaine Use Disorder: An Individualized Electric-Field Modeling Study
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for substance use disorder commonly targets the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), but unintended frontopolar engagement may contribute to variable outcomes. We used individualized…
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Full-Angle Rotating-Field TMS Stimulation and Initial Human Motor-Threshold Evaluation
Rotating-field transcranial magnetic stimulation (rfTMS) was developed to reduce the strong dependence of conventional TMS on coil orientation by dynamically changing the direction of the induced field during a single stimulus. Our…
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Glial reactivity and neuronal activation patterns in autonomic brain regions in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
The contribution of central neuroimmune mechanisms to autonomic imbalance in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains unclear. We used an obese/hypertensive mouse model of HFpEF to characterize glial states and…
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Home-Based Spaced Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Feasibility and Safety Study
We evaluated the feasibility of home-based spaced tDCS (5 sessions/day × 10 weekdays, 50 sessions) for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Adults with TRD (MADRS ≥20; ATHF-SF ≥3) self-administered spaced tDCS using a code-activated…
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Hybrid Retinal Implant with 3D Micro-Well Electrodes for High-Resolution Visual Restoration via a Single-Cell Neuromodulation
Current retinal prostheses are limited by poor electrode-neuron coupling, large electrode-cell separation, and broad activation of neuronal clusters, which disrupt the intrinsic retinal computational circuitry and constrain achievable…
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Identifying Structural and Functional Alteration Through Harmonization of Multisite Gray Matter and EEG Functional Dynamics Using Cross-Modal Analysis and Sparse ICA
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with progressive structural degeneration and functional brain abnormalities. Extensive research has been carried out to identify neurobiological changes associated with AD using diverse neuroimaging…
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Impact of Electrode Positioning on MEP Variability and Reliability: Implications for Optimal Pulse Number in TMS Studies
Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) obtained through transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can present substantial variability depending on surface electrode positioning (7). This study investigated the impact of three surface…
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Individualizing repetitive visual stimulation to enhance neuromodulation
Growing evidence supports the view that repetitive visual stimulation (RVS) has potential as a noninvasive neuromodulation technique. Although RVS may also engage other neural mechanisms, this project focuses primarily on the long-term…
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Integrating Functional Neuroimaging With DBS and rTMS to Evaluate Neurobehavioral-Cognitive and Motor Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease
Neuromodulation techniques such as subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) alter neural activity across motor and cognitive circuits in Parkinson’s disease. Functional…
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Learnable Phase-Amplitude Coupling Representations for Off- versus On-Levodopa State Decoding in Dyskinetic Hemiparkinsonian Rats
Levodopa for Parkinson’s disease can cause dyskinesia and motor fluctuations, motivating interpretable biomarkers for neurostimulation. We developed the Learnable Coupling Network with Temporal attention (LC-Net-T), a phase-amplitude…
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Lip-reading on the left, eye-gaze on the right? Causal evidence for functional lateralisation in face-selective posterior superior temporal sulcus.
Posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) processes facial cues that are critical for social perception, including information from the eyes and mouth. To investigate whether bilateral face-selective pSTS shows hemispheric specialisation…
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Longitudinal Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Persistent Post-traumatic Headaches and Post-concussion Symptoms in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
High-frequency rTMS over the left M1 was tested in a randomized controlled trial of 20 adults with persistent post-traumatic headaches and post-concussion symptoms after mTBI. Participants received 12 sessions of 10 Hz rTMS or sham rTMS…
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Many Targets, One Disorder: Convergence and Specificity of Network Normalization Across Neuromodulation Modalities in Depression
Observational models map depression onto static network dysfunctions, but how interventions normalize these circuits is poorly established. This review examines network changes across eight modalities: ketamine, rTMS, ECT, ezogabine, MBCT…
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Massage as a Form of Neuromodulation to Improve Motor Control and Gait in Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson's disease (PD) disrupts motor control, and current pharmacologic treatments offer symptomatic relief without normalizing underlying circuit dynamics. Massage may represent a form of peripheral neuromodulation by activating…
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Modern ECT as Scalable Neuromodulation: Bridging Inpatient Stabilization to Outpatient Continuum of Care
Electroconvulsive therapy remains one of the most effective treatments for severe and treatment resistant psychiatric illness, yet it is often underutilized and fragmented across care settings. This presentation highlights an integrated…
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Montage selection for temporal interference stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex
Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) may enable noninvasive modulation of deep medial cortical targets, yet selecting a practical montage for bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) targeting remains challenging. We…
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Network-Guided Electric Field Optimization Improves tDCS Targeting Strategies
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulatory technique that influences neuronal plasticity and has been applied in cognitive rehabilitation, including language recovery. However, conventional tDCS for language…
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Neuro pathways enhancing motor performance through intense exercise in Parkinson’s: proposed explanation through EEG P300 enhancement through burst multi muscle electric stimulation sustained in Parkinson’s patients
Intense exercise can be simulated by repetitive burst neuromuscular stimulation applied to multiple muscles simultaneously in the upper and lower extremities and the trunk is demonstrated to have a dramatic neurological enhancement effect…
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Non-invasive Modulation of Language Networks in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: Resting state functional connectivity analysis
Communication deficits in Parkinson’s disease (PD) involve language network disruptions. This double-blind, sham-controlled interim analysis (N=24) tested a 10-day anodic tDCS protocol over the F7 coordinate paired with language training…
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Non-invasive spinal cord stimulation for upper-limb impairments: a mechanistic electrophysiological and neuroimaging study in able-bodied individuals
Cervical transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) shows promise for upper-limb neurorehabilitation, yet the determinants of underlying effects remain poorly understood. In fourteen able-bodied participants, we systematically compared…
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One Depression, Many Networks: A Symptom-Dimensional Systematic Review of Functional Connectivity
Depression is not one illness, and its neural underpinnings are not one problem. This systematic review linked brain network dysfunction to specific symptom dimensions in depression: rumination, anhedonia, anxiety, cognitive fatigue, and…
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Optimization of Multipolar Temporal Interference Stimulation in Personalized Head Models
Temporal Interference (TI) stimulation is a modality of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation that uses the interference of two high frequency electric fields with slightly different frequencies. While being non-invasive, TI has the…
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Optimized Temporal Interference for Intracranial Electrical Stimulation: Enhancing Focality and Mapping in Blind Zones
This study evaluates the advantages of optimized Temporal Interference (TI) for intracranial electrical stimulation (IES) mapping in drug-resistant epilepsy. Using a realistic patient model (89 sEEG contacts), we simulated TI-IES across…
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Optimized Transnasal Electrical Stimulation Using High-Density Electrode Arrangements
Recent work introduced transnasal electrical stimulation (TnES), a technique to modulate deep brain activity through the sphenoid sinus, a natural cavity in the skull base that is accessed routinely in transnasal procedures. TnES has the…
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Oscillatory activity in dystonia and its association with clinical severity — a reproducible framework for spectral peak definition and classification
Oscillatory biomarkers in dystonia remain poorly defined, partly due to inconsistent criteria for identifying spectral peaks. We developed a framework to define and classify peak-like spectral components in local field potentials and…
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Precision Functional Mapping-Guided Neuromodulation in Minimally Speaking Youth: The Neuro-Accommodation Protocol
Neuroimaging advances our knowledge regarding autism brain mechanisms, and neuromodulation provides a promising rehabilitation avenue; however, minimally speaking autistic individuals are often excluded. We developed the…
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Precision Neuromodulation for Psychiatric Disorders: A Narrative Review of Brain State-Dependency, Phase-Locked Stimulation, and Behavioral Context
Non-invasive brain stimulation for psychiatric disorders is transitioning from fixed, open-loop protocols toward adaptive frameworks informed by neural state. This narrative review synthesizes 52 articles (2005-2026) across four domains…
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Preliminary EEG Connectivity Signatures of Long-Term Spinal Cord Stimulation in Chronic Pain
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an established therapy for chronic refractory pain. Prior studies suggest that SCS can modulate cortical and subcortical network activity, including somatosensory, limbic, and default mode networks…
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Preliminary Feasibility Observations of Concurrent Vestibular and Auditory Stimulation During Speech-in-Noise Testing
Preliminary proof-of-concept observations were performed to evaluate concurrent non-invasive galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) and auditory amplification during speech-in-noise testing in hearing aid users. Acute same-session testing…
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Preprocessing Pipeline Optimization for Sensory-Entrained Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (seTMS)
Sensory-Entrained Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (seTMS) administers TMS pulses time-locked with rhythmic auditory events. Research indicates seTMS to motor cortex enhances cortico-spinal excitability and offers a low-cost method for…
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Preserved sacral neuromodulation efficacy despite prior pelvic radiation in cancer survivors
Pelvic radiation can affect neural and tissue integrity involved in bladder and bowel function, raising concern for reduced response to sacral neuromodulation (SNM). We evaluated SNM outcomes in pelvic cancer survivors by radiation status…
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Probing dlPFC excitability with TMS-EEG across coil angle, location, and intensity reveals a distinct sensitivity profile for early local TEPs
The early local TMS-Evoked Potential (EL-TEP) is a promising biomarker of cortical excitability linked to depression severity and treatment response, yet how stimulation parameters shape it remains unknown. We delivered robotic…
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Rebalancing Descending Motor Circuit Development after Perinatal Brain Injury
Cerebral palsy results from perinatal brain injury, disrupting the development of corticospinal motor pathways. Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (H-I) injury may increase brainstem-driven motor activity, contributing to spasticity and impaired…
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Reduced Heterogeneity of Neuromodulation Outcomes With MRI-Guided Versus Scalp-Based Targeting for Auditory Verbal Hallucinations: A Meta-Analysis
Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) often persist despite available treatments, and clinical outcomes of neuromodulation vary substantially across studies. We conducted a meta-analysis of sham-controlled neuromodulation trials for AVH…
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Referred Percepts in Non-Invasive Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation for Modulating MRI Indices of Cerebrospinal Fluid Movement
Noninvasive, temporally patterned electrical stimulation of superficial V1 trigeminal nerve branches, or "Cerebrovascular Pacing™," is an emerging therapy for modulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) movement. In 10 healthy awake participants…
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Restoring Precision Grasping and Tactile Sensation via a Closed Loop BCI & Reinforcement Learning- controlled Active Orthosis
Recovering hand function, both movement and touch, is among the most pressing goals in modern neurotechnology for individuals living with paralysis. We have previously shown that a bidirectional neural bypass (BNB), which links the brain…
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REVISITING MOTOR HAND AREA TARGETING WITH ELECTRIC FIELD MODELING
C3 in the 10-20 system is commonly used to target the motor hand area for transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), but whether C3 optimally reflects the cortical motor hand representation…
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Separation between sensory and motor fibers in the human cervical vagus nerve
Current Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) is non-selective, causing side effects that can limit its therapeutic efficacy. To improve neuromodulation precision, this study mapped the organization of different vagal fascicle types in 20 human…
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Sexual-Function Outcomes in Women With SCI Using Epidural SCS: Evidence for Population-Specific Assessment Tools
Sexual function remains a major unmet need for women with spinal cord injury (SCI), yet most neuromodulation trials rely on population-agnostic surveys that fail to reflect post-injury sexual experiences. In a post-hoc exploratory analysis…
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Sono-mechanical nanostructures enable sustained and precise ultrasound brain stimulation
Transcranial ultrasound is promising for noninvasive deep brain stimulation, but its spatial precision and long-term reliability remain limited. We developed PEGylated hollow silica nanostructures (HSN) that localize and amplify acoustic…
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Stigma, Hope, and Access Across the Neuromodulation Spectrum: Converging Lessons from Established and Investigational Surgical Therapies for Mental Health
Two parallel mixed-methods studies examined stakeholder perceptions of vagus nerve stimulation and prefrontal cortical stimulation for treatment-resistant depression, finding that stigma, insurance inequity, and access barriers constrain…
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Stimulation Dose and Efficacy of Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation for Upper-Limb Motor Recovery After Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of iTBS for upper-limb stroke rehabilitation and explored whether clinical recovery depends on total pulse dose. Searching PubMed for randomized sham-controlled trials using…
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Subtherapeutic subcallosal cingulate stimulation modulates mood and learning during decision-making in treatment-resistant depression
Deep brain stimulation is a promising intervention for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) [1-2], yet its acute effects on behavior and decision-making remain poorly understood. We investigated how subtherapeutic stimulation of the…
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Tangential currents to the cerebellar cortex can entrain Purkinje cell spiking activity
In transcranial electrical stimulation, currents flow both parallel to the brain surface (tangentially) and inward toward deeper cortical layers. In this paper, we investigated whether tangential electric fields (E-fields) on the…
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TaVNS to improve upper extremity function in MS: a pilot feasibility study
Upper limb dexterity is an underrecognized source of morbidity in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS).1 Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that may promote motor recovery…
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Temporal Interference Stimulation Increases Field Potential Power at the Interference Frequency, and Affects Single Unit Activity in Humans
Temporally interfering electric fields (TIEF) refers to the interaction of two or more high -frequency (kHz) electric fields to generate a low-frequency amplitude modulation ‘envelope’, proposed as a means of non-invasive deep-brain…
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The Effects of Prefrontal Transcranial Electrical Stimulation on Brain Function and Connectivity in Normal Aging: A Systematic Review
Behavioral effects of prefrontal transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) in older adults are mixed. We asked whether mixed behavioral findings were due to heterogeneous neural responses to tES. We also investigated how baseline brain…
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The use of transcranial pulsed electromagnetic fields in depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Transcranial pulsed electromagnetic fields (T-PEMF) is an emerging treatment for depression, but the area of research is influenced by heterogeneity in both study and medical device designs. This study aims to examine the antidepressant…
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TMS Targeting Method and Autonomic Regulation: A Matched Comparison of BEAM and MRI-Guided Approaches
TMS targeting precision varies across studies. BEAM-based approaches (Beam, 2009) identify stimulation sites behaviorally, while MRI-guided methods use individualized neuroimaging and e-field modeling. Whether targeting method influences…
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Tragus or cymba concha? Debunking the anatomical myth
Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) demonstrated promising therapeutic effects in many conditions, yet the optimal stimulation site remains controversial. We systematically reviewed anatomical, biophysical, and…
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Transauricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (taVNS) for Hospitalized Patients with Delirium: Early Results from a Feasibility Trial
Delirium affects over 30% of hospitalized patients and is associated with increased risk of morbidity, mortality, and institutionalization, yet no FDA-approved therapies exist. Vagus nerve stimulation may modulate neuroinflammation and…
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Transcranial Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (T-PEMF) for Difficult-to-Treat Bipolar Depression: Treatment Outcomes, Safety, and Tolerability from a Naturalistic Cohort
Transcranial pulsed electromagnetic fields (T-PEMF) is a low-intensity TMS technology with promising effects in treatment-resistant unipolar depression, but evidence in bipolar depression remains limited. We conducted a naturalistic cohort…
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Transnasal electrical stimulation (TnES) for brain modulation in an in vivo mouse model
Transnasal electrical stimulation (TnES) is a recently proposed approach for minimally-invasive deep brain stimulation to overcome the limitations of both conventional deep brain stimulation (DBS) and non-invasive brain stimulation…
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Youth and Parent Perspectives on Standard and Truncated Neuronavigated aiTBS for Treatment Naive Adolescent Depression: A Qualitative Study
Adolescent depression is rising, and first-line treatments have limited efficacy and notable side effects. Accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation (aiTBS) shows rapid benefit in adults but is understudied in youth. Little is known…